Girls
and Sports
Robert
W. McGowan
One of the most influential movements in the history of sport has
been for the involvement of women and girls in sports. Without
citing all the statistics, the difference that a few dedicated women
have made on the lives of millions of young women throughout the
United States and the world has been marvelous. The position
of the female athlete in adolescent society has risen to top of
the "most desired" list if not next to the top.
No longer are young women and girls limited to the role of observer
or the sex-typed cheerleader, or homecoming
queen. Nor are they limited to gender specific sports
such as tennis, gymnastics, ice-skating... Society recognizes
women and girls as legitimate athletes in the realm of basketball,
hockey, power-lifting, the martial arts, and many others.
Today there are young women competing in the once "male only"
domain of
football, wrestling, boxing, an other combative events.
Society has become more aware that physical prowess is not gender
specific. Physiologically there are biochemical differences
and anatomical differences, but these differences need not limit
the involvement of women or girls in physical activities.
The issue of choice to participate need not be discriminatory by
gender. Determinants of excellence should be performance based
exclusively!
Thanks to those stalwart few who have given and to the many who
continue to press society to recognize the talents of women and
girls in sports.
Robert McGowan
Coaching Section
Editor
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"I really didn't say everything I said"
Yogi Berra
"You observe a lot just by watching"
Yogi Berra
"Most of our future lies ahead"
Denny Crum
"You don't get a hell of a lot of practice. It's
not easy to find guys who'll come out early before games and fun
into you."
Mike Scioscia, on how he became a great plate blocker
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Over two decades have passed since the enactment
of Title IX, a federal law prohibiting sex discrimination in federally-funded
education, including athletics.
As a result of Title IX, women and girls have benefited from
more athletic participation opportunities and more equitable facilities.
Because of Title IX, more women have received athletic scholarships
and thus opportunities for higher education that some may not
have been able to afford otherwise. In addition, because of Title
IX the salaries of coaches for women's teams increased.
But women and girl athletes have yet to reach parity
with men. Women are s till only about one-third of interscholastic
and intercollegiate athletes. In addition, women college athletes
receive less than 26% of college sports' operating budgets, and
less than 28% of college recruiting money (Women's Sports Foundation,
2001).
This Empowering Women in Sports
report is a publication of the Feminist Majority Foundation' s
Task Force on Women and Girls in Sports.
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Throw
Like a Girl
Tucker Center for Research on
Girls & Women in Sport
Throw Like a Girl: A Revolution in Women's Sports" is a story
about what it has been like for girls and women to play sports as
told through the eyes of different generations of Minnesota families.
It is a story about the barriers that needed to be overcome in order
to reach a landmark moment in women's sports -- the passage of Title
IX in 1972 -- and all of the victories that have occurred in its
wake. It is a story about females participating at all levels of
sport from the playgrounds to the Olympics. It is a story about
the impact of sport, not just on the young women themselves, but
on their families, their communities and even their country. Finally,
and perhaps most importantly, it is a story about triumph and what
it means to finally live during an era when "throwing like
a girl" is seen not as a criticism, but as a compliment. The
videotape has recently received a national award from the Association
of Women in Radio and Television Broadcasting. The "Gracie
Awa rd" is in honor of the late radio and television pioneer,
Gracie Allen.
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10 Things
Coaches Can Do To Help Prevent Eating Disorders
in Their Athletes
© Karin Kratina, MA, RD
- Instruct coaches and trainers to recognize the signs and symptoms
of eating disorders and understand their role in helping to prevent
them. Those with eating problems often hide their symptoms to
avoid calling attention to them. They are often aware the behavior
is abnormal.
- Provide athletes with accurate information regarding weight,
weight loss, body composition, nutrition and sports performance
in order to reduce misinformation and to challenge practices that
are unhealthy and even counterproductive. Be aware of local professionals
who will help educate athletes.
- Emphasize the health risks of low weight, especially for female
athletes with menstrual irregularities or amenorrhoea. The athlete
should be referred for medical assessment in these cases.
- Refer to a sports psychologist or other therapist skilled at
treating eating disorders if an athlete is chronically dieting
and / or exhibits mildly abnormal eating. Early detection increases
the likelihood of successful treatment – left untreated, the problem
may progress to an eating disorder.
- De-emphasize weight by not weighing athletes and by minimizing
(eliminating) comments about eight. Instead, focus on other areas
in which athletes have more control in order to improve performance,
i.e. focus on strength and physical conditioning, as well as,
the mental and emotional components of performance (There is no
risk in improving mental and emotional capacities!)
- Do not assume that reducing body fat or weight will enhance
performance. While weight loss or a reduction in body fat can
lead to improved performance, studies show that it doesn’t apply
to all athletes. Additionally, many individuals respond to weight
loss attempts with eating disorder symptoms. Improved performance
should not be at the athlete’s expense.
- Understand why weight loss is such a sensitive and personal
issue for many women. Since weight is emotionally charged for
many, eliminate derogatory comments or behaviors, no matter how
slight, about weight. If there is concern about an athletes weight,
the athlete should be referred for an assessment to a registered
Dietician and Sports Psychologist skilled in treating eating disorders
- Do not automatically curtail athletic participation if an athlete
is found to have eating problems, unless warranted by a medical
condition. Consider the athlete’s health, physical and emotional
safety and self-image when making decisions regarding an athlete’s
level of participation in his/ her sport.
- Sport personnel should explore their own values and attitudes
regarding weight, dieting and body image, and how these values
and attitudes may inadvertently affect their athletes. They should
understand their role in promoting a positive self-image and self-esteem
in their athletes.
- Take warning signs seriously! Take eating disorder behaviors
seriously. There is a 10-15% mortality and 25% suicide rate for
those with eating disorders.
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Basketball Tips
by Geoff Shurtleff
A tip sheet for basketball fundamentals, it is very
helpful for coachi ng kids and parents. Please feel free to use
it for teaching basketball. Let me know if you find it useful.
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Menstrual
Cycles Do Not Hurt
Athletic Performance
The Penn State Sports Medicine Newsletter
Despite the physiological ups and downs of the menstrual
cycle, female athletes have developed way s to compensate for
any disadvantages. World records have been set during all phases
of the menstrual cycle.
"Hormone levels can interfere with VO2max or the maximum
amount of oxygen the body can use at any one time," says
Connie Lebrun, M.D., director of Primary Care Sports Medicine
at the Fowler Kennedy Sport Medicine Clinic in London, Ontario.
However, VO2max is not the only or necessarily the best predictor
of performance.
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Animated game action archive concentrates on recreating professional match
actions/goals and explains the positive and negative aspects (both
defensive & attacking) of each action from a coaching point
of view. A short description of the major aspect of each animation
is given.
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If you have ideas, comments, letters to share, or
questions about particular topics, please email one of the following
Coaching Section Editors: |
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Questions to Ask, or
Thoughts to Share?
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Tennis in the Jungle
Courts of clay in disrepair
colonists long forgot,
but in misty air
we played without the net
We drew the lines of in and out
the net just so high
no umpire's clout
led to touching lines and marks
On we played
'til dusk set in
one ball outside the court
&n bsp;where cobra lay in wait
On we played
with laughs and taunts
we swore and threw our rackets too
for fun in the jungle that day
Reflections of research
in Africa
RWMcGowan
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